Municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) is produced in large quantities daily as a by-product of wastewater treatment processes. PHA-storing phenotypes have been found commonly present in WAS. PHA, a class of biodegradable and biobased polymers with thermoplastic like properties, can therefore be directly produced by exploiting the PHA-accumulation potential of WAS. Given the continuous availability of surplus WAS in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), every WWTP has the potential to function as a PHA production facility in addition to producing treated effluent. To produce PHA from WAS, one challenge...